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Copyright (c) 2024 Amal Abdullah Ali Alameer, Zahra Huways Ibrahim Saeed, Laila Zaid Rashid Mashouh Al-Ajmi, Almothana Almarzooq, Metab Ajaj Helo Alonezi, Ali Rasheed Hamad Nukhayfi, Ahmed Ali Hadi Asiri, Alaa Abdullatief Alduraihm, Saud Dhaar Amesh Al-Mutairi, Safer Atif Alqahtani, Ashwaq Mohammed Albar Shar, Majed Mohammed Ahmed Alahmadi, Fahhad Muflih Faleh Aldawsari

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Improving Patient Safety Through Interprofessional Collaboration: From Genetic Testing to Medication Administration and Social Care
Corresponding Author(s) : Amal Abdullah Ali Alameer
Saudi Journal of Medicine and Public Health, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2024)
Abstract
Background: The patient journey from genetic testing through medication administration to social care is fraught with safety risks, often exacerbated by fragmented, siloed professional practices. Aim: This narrative review aims to synthesize evidence on how interprofessional collaboration (IPC) can mitigate safety risks across this integrated care continuum, moving beyond single-setting analyses. Methods: A structured literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and CINAHL (2015-2024) was conducted, yielding 51 articles for final synthesis. The review thematically analyzes interventions and barriers at the interfaces of genomics, pharmacotherapy, and social care. Results: Findings reveal three critical translational junctures: communicating complex genomic results safely, mitigating medication errors during polypharmacy and care transitions through collaborative medication management, and preventing post-discharge adverse events via integrated health and social care teams. Core IPC competencies—shared language, mutual respect, role clarity, and integrated informatics—emerged as essential safeguards. Conclusion: IPC is not merely an adjunct but a fundamental safety intervention. A novel “Safety Integration Model” is proposed, illustrating that the highest safety risk occurs at the intersections of these domains, requiring deliberate, systems-level collaborative architectures rather than episodic teamwork.
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- 1. Abrams, E. M., & Szefler, S. J. (2020). COVID-19 and the impact of social determinants of health. The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, 8(7), 659-661.
- 2. Adam, L., Moutzouri, E., Baumgartner, C., Loewe, A. L., Feller, M., M’Rabet-Bensalah, K., ... & Rodondi, N. (2019). Rationale and design of OPtimising thERapy to prevent Avoidable hospital admissions in Multimorbid older people (OPERAM): a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 9(6), e026769.
- 3. Arkell, T. R., Downey, L. A., Hayley, A. C., & Roth, S. (2023). Assessment of medical cannabis and health-related quality of life. JAMA network open, 6(5), e2312522.
- 4. Borden, B. A., Galecki, P., Wellmann, R., Danahey, K., Lee, S. M., Patrick-Miller, L., ... & O’Donnell, P. H. (2019). Assessment of provider-perceived barriers to clinical use of pharmacogenomics during participation in an institutional implementation study. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 29(2), 31-38.
- 5. Bosch, B., & Mansell, H. (2015). Interprofessional collaboration in health care: Lessons to be learned from competitive sports. Canadian Pharmacists Journal/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada, 148(4), 176-179.
- 6. Brockman, D. G., Petronio, L., Dron, J. S., Kwon, B. C., Vosburg, T., Nip, L., ... & Khera, A. V. (2021). Design and user experience testing of a polygenic score report: a qualitative study of prospective users. BMC Medical Genomics, 14(1), 238.
- 7. Department of Health and Social Care. (2022). Hospital discharge and community support guidance. NHS England.
- 8. Dunnenberger, H. M., Crews, K. R., Hoffman, J. M., Caudle, K. E., Broeckel, U., Howard, S. C., ... & Relling, M. V. (2015). Preemptive clinical pharmacogenetics implementation: current programs in five US medical centers. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, 55(1), 89-106.
- 9. Edmondson, A. C. (2018). The fearless organization: Creating psychological safety in the workplace for learning, innovation, and growth. John Wiley & Sons.
- 10. Gadsby, E. W., Wistow, G., & Billings, J. (2022). A critical systems evaluation of the introduction of a ‘discharge to assess’ service in Kent. Critical Social Policy, 42(4), 671-694.
- 11. Greden, J. F., Parikh, S. V., Rothschild, A. J., Thase, M. E., Dunlop, B. W., DeBattista, C., ... & Dechairo, B. (2019). Impact of pharmacogenomics on clinical outcomes in major depressive disorder in the GUIDED trial: a large, patient-and rater-blinded, randomized, controlled study. Journal of psychiatric research, 111, 59-67.
- 12. Guide, H. T. (2011). Prevent adverse drug events by implementing medication reconciliation. Cambridge, MA: Institute for Healthcare Improvement.
- 13. Gupta, P., Gupta, M., & Koul, N. (2020). Overdiagnosis and overtreatment; how to deal with too much medicine. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(8), 3815-3819.
- 14. Haga, S. B., Mills, R., Moaddeb, J., Allen Lapointe, N., Cho, A., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2016). Patient experiences with pharmacogenetic testing in a primary care setting. Pharmacogenomics, 17(15), 1629-1636.
- 15. Hattingh, L., Baysari, M. T., Foot, H., Sim, T. F., Keijzers, G., Morgan, M., ... & Manias, E. (2024). OPTimising MEDicine information handover after Discharge (OPTMED-D): protocol for development of a multifaceted intervention and stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials, 25(1), 632.
- 16. Hofmann, B. (2016). Incidental findings of uncertain significance: To know or not to know-that is not the question. BMC Medical Ethics, 17(1), 13.
- 17. Hoonakker, P. L., Carayon, P., Brown, R. L., Cartmill, R. S., Wetterneck, T. B., & Walker, J. M. (2013). Changes in end-user satisfaction with Computerized Provider Order Entry over time among nurses and providers in intensive care units. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(2), 252-259.
- 18. Hunt, D. F., Bailey, J., Lennox, B. R., Crofts, M., & Vincent, C. (2021). Enhancing psychological safety in mental health services. International journal of mental health systems, 15(1), 33.
- 19. Jack, H. E., Arabadjis, S. D., Sun, L., Sullivan, E. E., & Phillips, R. S. (2017). Impact of community health workers on use of healthcare services in the United States: a systematic review. Journal of general internal medicine, 32(3), 325-344.
- 20. Johnson, A., Guirguis, E., & Grace, Y. (2015). Preventing medication errors in transitions of care: a patient case approach. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 55(2), e264-e276.
- 21. Jokanovic, N., Tan, E. C., Sudhakaran, S., Kirkpatrick, C. M., Dooley, M. J., Ryan-Atwood, T. E., & Bell, J. S. (2017). Pharmacist-led medication review in community settings: an overview of systematic reviews. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 13(4), 661-685.
- 22. Jungo, K. T., Mantelli, S., Rozsnyai, Z., Missiou, A., Kitanovska, B. G., Weltermann, B., ... & Streit, S. (2021). General practitioners’ deprescribing decisions in older adults with polypharmacy: a case vignette study in 31 countries. BMC geriatrics, 21(1), 19.
- 23. Kangovi, S., Mitra, N., Grande, D., Huo, H., Smith, R. A., & Long, J. A. (2017). Community health worker support for disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic diseases: a randomized clinical trial. American journal of public health, 107(10), 1660-1667.
- 24. Klein, M. E., Parvez, M. M., & Shin, J. G. (2017). Clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics for personalized precision medicine: barriers and solutions. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 106(9), 2368-2379.
- 25. Larson, K. L., Huang, B., Weiss, H. L., & Mullett, T. W. (2021). Clinical utility of a molecular tumor board in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 233(5), 604–613.
- 26. Lee, Y. M., Berenbrok, L. A., Gálvez-Peralta, M., Iwuchukwu, O., Kisor, D. F., Petry, N. J., & Gammal, R. S. (2023). Advancing pharmacogenomics-based care through interprofessional education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 87(5), 100007.
- 27. Manolio, T. A., Rowley, R., Williams, M. S., Roden, D., Ginsburg, G. S., Bult, C., ... & Green, E. D. (2019). Opportunities, resources, and techniques for implementing genomics in clinical care. The Lancet, 394(10197), 511-520.
- 28. Manrai, A. K., Funke, B. H., Rehm, H. L., Olesen, M. S., Maron, B. A., Szolovits, P., ... & Kohane, I. S. (2016). Genetic misdiagnoses and the potential for health disparities. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(7), 655-665.
- 29. Masnoon, N., Shakib, S., Kalisch-Ellett, L., & Caughey, G. E. (2017). What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC geriatrics, 17(1), 230.
- 30. Müller, M., Jürgens, J., Redaèlli, M., Klingberg, K., Hautz, W. E., & Stock, S. (2018). Impact of the communication and patient hand-off tool SBAR on patient safety: a systematic review. BMJ open, 8(8), e022202.
- 31. Naylor, M. D., Hirschman, K. B., Toles, M. P., Jarrín, O. F., Shaid, E., & Pauly, M. V. (2018). Adaptations of the evidence-based transitional care model in the US. Social Science & Medicine, 213, 28-36.
- 32. Ormond, K. E., Laurino, M. Y., Barlow‐Stewart, K., Wessels, T. M., Macaulay, S., Austin, J., & Middleton, A. (2018, March). Genetic counseling globally: Where are we now?. In American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics (Vol. 178, No. 1, pp. 98-107).
- 33. Ory, M. G., Adepoju, O. E., Ramos, K. S., Silva, P. S., & Vollmer Dahlke, D. (2023). Health equity innovation in precision medicine: Current challenges and future directions. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1119736.
- 34. Papastergiou, J., Quilty, L. C., Li, W., Thiruchselvam, T., Jain, E., Gove, P., ... & Pojskic, N. (2021). Pharmacogenomics guided versus standard antidepressant treatment in a community pharmacy setting: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical and Translational Science, 14(4), 1359-1368.
- 35. Pedrosa, A. R. C., Ferreira, Ó. R., & Baixinho, C. R. S. L. (2022). Transitional rehabilitation care and patient care continuity as an advanced nursing practice. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 75(05), e20210399.
- 36. Prusaczyk, B., Kripalani, S., & Dhand, A. (2019). Networks of hospital discharge planning teams and readmissions. Journal of interprofessional care, 33(1), 85-92.
- 37. Relling, M. V., & Evans, W. E. (2015). Pharmacogenomics in the clinic. Nature, 526(7573), 343-350.
- 38. Rochon, P. A., & Schmader, K. E. (2019). Drug prescribing for older adults. Toronto: UpToDate.
- 39. Roh, C. Y., Moon, M. J., Yang, S. B., & Jung, K. (2016). Linking emotional labor, public service motivation, and job satisfaction: Social workers in health care settings. Social work in public health, 31(2), 43-57.
- 40. Schaaf, C. P., Betancur, C., Yuen, R. K., Parr, J. R., Skuse, D. H., Gallagher, L., ... & Vorstman, J. A. (2020). A framework for an evidence-based gene list relevant to autism spectrum disorder. Nature Reviews Genetics, 21(6), 367-376.
- 41. Scott, I. A., Hilmer, S. N., Reeve, E., Potter, K., Le Couteur, D., Rigby, D., ... & Martin, J. H. (2015). Reducing inappropriate polypharmacy: the process of deprescribing. JAMA internal medicine, 175(5), 827-834.
- 42. Sittig, D. F., & Singh, H. (2010). A new sociotechnical model for studying health information technology in complex adaptive healthcare systems. BMJ Quality & Safety, 19(Suppl 3), i68-i74.
- 43. Spaulding, E. M., Marvel, F. A., Jacob, E., Rahman, A., Hansen, B. R., Hanyok, L. A., ... & Han, H. R. (2021). Interprofessional education and collaboration among healthcare students and professionals: a systematic review and call for action. Journal of interprofessional care, 35(4), 612-621.
- 44. Stuijt, C. C. M., Bekker, C. L., Van den Bemt, B. J. F., & Karapinar, F. (2021). Effect of medication reconciliation on patient reported potential adverse events after hospital discharge. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(8), 1426-1432.
- 45. Tafe, L. J., Gorlov, I. P., De Abreu, F. B., Lefferts, J. A., Liu, X., Pettus, J. R., ... & Chamberlin, M. D. (2015). Implementation of a molecular tumor board: the impact on treatment decisions for 35 patients evaluated at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. The oncologist, 20(9), 1011-1018.
- 46. Tsilimingras, D., Ghosh, S., Duke, A., Zhang, L., Carretta, H., & Schnipper, J. (2017). The association of post-discharge adverse events with timely follow-up visits after hospital discharge. PloS one, 12(8), e0182669.
- 47. Weeda, E., Gilbert, R. E., Kolo, S. J., Haney, J. S., Hazard, L. T., Taber, D. J., & Axon, R. N. (2023). Impact of pharmacist-driven transitions of care interventions on post-hospital outcomes among patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review. Journal of pharmacy practice, 36(3), 668-678.
- 48. Weir, D. L., Motulsky, A., Abrahamowicz, M., Lee, T. C., Morgan, S., Buckeridge, D. L., & Tamblyn, R. (2020). Failure to follow medication changes made at hospital discharge is associated with adverse events in 30 days. Health services research, 55(4), 512-523.
- 49. Weller, J., Boyd, M., & Cumin, D. (2014). Teams, tribes and patient safety: overcoming barriers to effective teamwork in healthcare. Postgraduate medical journal, 90(1061), 149-154.
- 50. World Health Organization. (2017, August). Framework for action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice. 2010.
- 51. Zafar, S. Y., & Peppercorn, J. M. (2017). Patient financial assistance programs: a path to affordability or a barrier to accessible cancer care?. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 35(19), 2113.
References
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2. Adam, L., Moutzouri, E., Baumgartner, C., Loewe, A. L., Feller, M., M’Rabet-Bensalah, K., ... & Rodondi, N. (2019). Rationale and design of OPtimising thERapy to prevent Avoidable hospital admissions in Multimorbid older people (OPERAM): a cluster randomised controlled trial. BMJ open, 9(6), e026769.
3. Arkell, T. R., Downey, L. A., Hayley, A. C., & Roth, S. (2023). Assessment of medical cannabis and health-related quality of life. JAMA network open, 6(5), e2312522.
4. Borden, B. A., Galecki, P., Wellmann, R., Danahey, K., Lee, S. M., Patrick-Miller, L., ... & O’Donnell, P. H. (2019). Assessment of provider-perceived barriers to clinical use of pharmacogenomics during participation in an institutional implementation study. Pharmacogenetics and Genomics, 29(2), 31-38.
5. Bosch, B., & Mansell, H. (2015). Interprofessional collaboration in health care: Lessons to be learned from competitive sports. Canadian Pharmacists Journal/Revue des Pharmaciens du Canada, 148(4), 176-179.
6. Brockman, D. G., Petronio, L., Dron, J. S., Kwon, B. C., Vosburg, T., Nip, L., ... & Khera, A. V. (2021). Design and user experience testing of a polygenic score report: a qualitative study of prospective users. BMC Medical Genomics, 14(1), 238.
7. Department of Health and Social Care. (2022). Hospital discharge and community support guidance. NHS England.
8. Dunnenberger, H. M., Crews, K. R., Hoffman, J. M., Caudle, K. E., Broeckel, U., Howard, S. C., ... & Relling, M. V. (2015). Preemptive clinical pharmacogenetics implementation: current programs in five US medical centers. Annual review of pharmacology and toxicology, 55(1), 89-106.
9. Edmondson, A. C. (2018). The fearless organization: Creating psychological safety in the workplace for learning, innovation, and growth. John Wiley & Sons.
10. Gadsby, E. W., Wistow, G., & Billings, J. (2022). A critical systems evaluation of the introduction of a ‘discharge to assess’ service in Kent. Critical Social Policy, 42(4), 671-694.
11. Greden, J. F., Parikh, S. V., Rothschild, A. J., Thase, M. E., Dunlop, B. W., DeBattista, C., ... & Dechairo, B. (2019). Impact of pharmacogenomics on clinical outcomes in major depressive disorder in the GUIDED trial: a large, patient-and rater-blinded, randomized, controlled study. Journal of psychiatric research, 111, 59-67.
12. Guide, H. T. (2011). Prevent adverse drug events by implementing medication reconciliation. Cambridge, MA: Institute for Healthcare Improvement.
13. Gupta, P., Gupta, M., & Koul, N. (2020). Overdiagnosis and overtreatment; how to deal with too much medicine. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 9(8), 3815-3819.
14. Haga, S. B., Mills, R., Moaddeb, J., Allen Lapointe, N., Cho, A., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2016). Patient experiences with pharmacogenetic testing in a primary care setting. Pharmacogenomics, 17(15), 1629-1636.
15. Hattingh, L., Baysari, M. T., Foot, H., Sim, T. F., Keijzers, G., Morgan, M., ... & Manias, E. (2024). OPTimising MEDicine information handover after Discharge (OPTMED-D): protocol for development of a multifaceted intervention and stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial. Trials, 25(1), 632.
16. Hofmann, B. (2016). Incidental findings of uncertain significance: To know or not to know-that is not the question. BMC Medical Ethics, 17(1), 13.
17. Hoonakker, P. L., Carayon, P., Brown, R. L., Cartmill, R. S., Wetterneck, T. B., & Walker, J. M. (2013). Changes in end-user satisfaction with Computerized Provider Order Entry over time among nurses and providers in intensive care units. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 20(2), 252-259.
18. Hunt, D. F., Bailey, J., Lennox, B. R., Crofts, M., & Vincent, C. (2021). Enhancing psychological safety in mental health services. International journal of mental health systems, 15(1), 33.
19. Jack, H. E., Arabadjis, S. D., Sun, L., Sullivan, E. E., & Phillips, R. S. (2017). Impact of community health workers on use of healthcare services in the United States: a systematic review. Journal of general internal medicine, 32(3), 325-344.
20. Johnson, A., Guirguis, E., & Grace, Y. (2015). Preventing medication errors in transitions of care: a patient case approach. Journal of the American Pharmacists Association, 55(2), e264-e276.
21. Jokanovic, N., Tan, E. C., Sudhakaran, S., Kirkpatrick, C. M., Dooley, M. J., Ryan-Atwood, T. E., & Bell, J. S. (2017). Pharmacist-led medication review in community settings: an overview of systematic reviews. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 13(4), 661-685.
22. Jungo, K. T., Mantelli, S., Rozsnyai, Z., Missiou, A., Kitanovska, B. G., Weltermann, B., ... & Streit, S. (2021). General practitioners’ deprescribing decisions in older adults with polypharmacy: a case vignette study in 31 countries. BMC geriatrics, 21(1), 19.
23. Kangovi, S., Mitra, N., Grande, D., Huo, H., Smith, R. A., & Long, J. A. (2017). Community health worker support for disadvantaged patients with multiple chronic diseases: a randomized clinical trial. American journal of public health, 107(10), 1660-1667.
24. Klein, M. E., Parvez, M. M., & Shin, J. G. (2017). Clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics for personalized precision medicine: barriers and solutions. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 106(9), 2368-2379.
25. Larson, K. L., Huang, B., Weiss, H. L., & Mullett, T. W. (2021). Clinical utility of a molecular tumor board in the treatment of patients with advanced cancer. Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 233(5), 604–613.
26. Lee, Y. M., Berenbrok, L. A., Gálvez-Peralta, M., Iwuchukwu, O., Kisor, D. F., Petry, N. J., & Gammal, R. S. (2023). Advancing pharmacogenomics-based care through interprofessional education. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 87(5), 100007.
27. Manolio, T. A., Rowley, R., Williams, M. S., Roden, D., Ginsburg, G. S., Bult, C., ... & Green, E. D. (2019). Opportunities, resources, and techniques for implementing genomics in clinical care. The Lancet, 394(10197), 511-520.
28. Manrai, A. K., Funke, B. H., Rehm, H. L., Olesen, M. S., Maron, B. A., Szolovits, P., ... & Kohane, I. S. (2016). Genetic misdiagnoses and the potential for health disparities. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(7), 655-665.
29. Masnoon, N., Shakib, S., Kalisch-Ellett, L., & Caughey, G. E. (2017). What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions. BMC geriatrics, 17(1), 230.
30. Müller, M., Jürgens, J., Redaèlli, M., Klingberg, K., Hautz, W. E., & Stock, S. (2018). Impact of the communication and patient hand-off tool SBAR on patient safety: a systematic review. BMJ open, 8(8), e022202.
31. Naylor, M. D., Hirschman, K. B., Toles, M. P., Jarrín, O. F., Shaid, E., & Pauly, M. V. (2018). Adaptations of the evidence-based transitional care model in the US. Social Science & Medicine, 213, 28-36.
32. Ormond, K. E., Laurino, M. Y., Barlow‐Stewart, K., Wessels, T. M., Macaulay, S., Austin, J., & Middleton, A. (2018, March). Genetic counseling globally: Where are we now?. In American Journal of Medical Genetics Part C: Seminars in Medical Genetics (Vol. 178, No. 1, pp. 98-107).
33. Ory, M. G., Adepoju, O. E., Ramos, K. S., Silva, P. S., & Vollmer Dahlke, D. (2023). Health equity innovation in precision medicine: Current challenges and future directions. Frontiers in Public Health, 11, 1119736.
34. Papastergiou, J., Quilty, L. C., Li, W., Thiruchselvam, T., Jain, E., Gove, P., ... & Pojskic, N. (2021). Pharmacogenomics guided versus standard antidepressant treatment in a community pharmacy setting: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical and Translational Science, 14(4), 1359-1368.
35. Pedrosa, A. R. C., Ferreira, Ó. R., & Baixinho, C. R. S. L. (2022). Transitional rehabilitation care and patient care continuity as an advanced nursing practice. Revista brasileira de enfermagem, 75(05), e20210399.
36. Prusaczyk, B., Kripalani, S., & Dhand, A. (2019). Networks of hospital discharge planning teams and readmissions. Journal of interprofessional care, 33(1), 85-92.
37. Relling, M. V., & Evans, W. E. (2015). Pharmacogenomics in the clinic. Nature, 526(7573), 343-350.
38. Rochon, P. A., & Schmader, K. E. (2019). Drug prescribing for older adults. Toronto: UpToDate.
39. Roh, C. Y., Moon, M. J., Yang, S. B., & Jung, K. (2016). Linking emotional labor, public service motivation, and job satisfaction: Social workers in health care settings. Social work in public health, 31(2), 43-57.
40. Schaaf, C. P., Betancur, C., Yuen, R. K., Parr, J. R., Skuse, D. H., Gallagher, L., ... & Vorstman, J. A. (2020). A framework for an evidence-based gene list relevant to autism spectrum disorder. Nature Reviews Genetics, 21(6), 367-376.
41. Scott, I. A., Hilmer, S. N., Reeve, E., Potter, K., Le Couteur, D., Rigby, D., ... & Martin, J. H. (2015). Reducing inappropriate polypharmacy: the process of deprescribing. JAMA internal medicine, 175(5), 827-834.
42. Sittig, D. F., & Singh, H. (2010). A new sociotechnical model for studying health information technology in complex adaptive healthcare systems. BMJ Quality & Safety, 19(Suppl 3), i68-i74.
43. Spaulding, E. M., Marvel, F. A., Jacob, E., Rahman, A., Hansen, B. R., Hanyok, L. A., ... & Han, H. R. (2021). Interprofessional education and collaboration among healthcare students and professionals: a systematic review and call for action. Journal of interprofessional care, 35(4), 612-621.
44. Stuijt, C. C. M., Bekker, C. L., Van den Bemt, B. J. F., & Karapinar, F. (2021). Effect of medication reconciliation on patient reported potential adverse events after hospital discharge. Research in Social and Administrative Pharmacy, 17(8), 1426-1432.
45. Tafe, L. J., Gorlov, I. P., De Abreu, F. B., Lefferts, J. A., Liu, X., Pettus, J. R., ... & Chamberlin, M. D. (2015). Implementation of a molecular tumor board: the impact on treatment decisions for 35 patients evaluated at Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center. The oncologist, 20(9), 1011-1018.
46. Tsilimingras, D., Ghosh, S., Duke, A., Zhang, L., Carretta, H., & Schnipper, J. (2017). The association of post-discharge adverse events with timely follow-up visits after hospital discharge. PloS one, 12(8), e0182669.
47. Weeda, E., Gilbert, R. E., Kolo, S. J., Haney, J. S., Hazard, L. T., Taber, D. J., & Axon, R. N. (2023). Impact of pharmacist-driven transitions of care interventions on post-hospital outcomes among patients with coronary artery disease: a systematic review. Journal of pharmacy practice, 36(3), 668-678.
48. Weir, D. L., Motulsky, A., Abrahamowicz, M., Lee, T. C., Morgan, S., Buckeridge, D. L., & Tamblyn, R. (2020). Failure to follow medication changes made at hospital discharge is associated with adverse events in 30 days. Health services research, 55(4), 512-523.
49. Weller, J., Boyd, M., & Cumin, D. (2014). Teams, tribes and patient safety: overcoming barriers to effective teamwork in healthcare. Postgraduate medical journal, 90(1061), 149-154.
50. World Health Organization. (2017, August). Framework for action on interprofessional education and collaborative practice. 2010.
51. Zafar, S. Y., & Peppercorn, J. M. (2017). Patient financial assistance programs: a path to affordability or a barrier to accessible cancer care?. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 35(19), 2113.